Fannie Wolo, a resident of the JJY Community along the Somalia Drive
Source: Front Page Africa
Monrovia-
The post-war election euphoria in next door Guinea hits close to home in the face of Liberia’s pending elections slated in less than a year, offering two vital cues from which the National Elections Commission (NEC), the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (BIN) and the entire Liberian citizenry can learn: potential double-voting and elections violence.
Immediately following the announcement on international airwaves that Alpha Conde had won the tense presidential election, hundreds of his supporters back in Liberia who had been monitoring Radio France International staged an impromptu victory- parade throughout Monday night in Monrovia and other parts of the country, to commensurate with similar and apparent larger ones that were being staged by their fellow Guineans back in Guinea.
Alpha Conde has been declared winner of the Presidential elections in Guinea.
The declaration of Conde as Guinea’s first non-military leader in its 52 years of independence was greeted with huge excitement among an obviously divided Guinean community in Liberia. With concerns among on-looker, group of Liberians who were appalled by not only the huge presence of Guineans in the country but also because of the large number of celebrants who to a larger extent looked and talked like Liberians. The message kept playing in their minds: most of them would be active during Liberia’s October, 2011 elections.
‘It Will be a serious problem’
“In fact, a lot of them with whom I have lived in this neighborhood for the past years, who I have known or maybe mistaken for Liberians, were the main people who were celebrating last night”, noted Fannie Wolo, a resident of the JJY Community along the Somalia Drive.
“I think this will be a serious problem for us next year because these are the same group of people, at least majority of them, who will join us to vote. I mean there is no way anybody could stop them because their accent is more Liberian and most of them are Mandingoes who will tell us that they are citizens here too. Then, why are they voting in Guinea and will be voting here again?” Wolo wondered.
Live phone-in talk shows on various local radio stations were early Tuesday morning dominated by concerns from Liberians who fear double-voting from Guineans most of whom they say have either claimed to be Liberians or have Liberian citizenships.
In recent weeks spanning five months, Guineans residing in Liberia have been involved with participating in the Guinean elections. The first was conducted in June, 2010 and the run-off was held November 7, 2010 in which they turned out en masse. Their participation in the elections formed part of the country’s ‘Diaspora vote’ that enabled thousands of Guineans scattered around the world in selected countries to exercise their franchise.
A Case Study for NEC
All of the concerns and fears being expressed by the Liberian citizenry are of grave and particular concern to the election house which has been asked repeatedly about steps been taken to avert such occurrences.
The James Fromoyan-led National Elections Commission (NEC) will among several tasks, certainly have itself engaged with the task of minimizing the looming potential risk of double-voting.
Bobby Livingstone, the head of Public Relations at NEC, acknowledged such concerns: “That concern has emulated in many quarters and during our security meetings with the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization and the Liberia National Police, we have basically been discussing these security concerns from both our Commissioners and private citizens.”
Relative to mechanisms being put into place, Livingstone told FrontPageAfrica that there are specific areas that have been identified where regular and static patrol will be maintained throughout the border line where “in places where possible problematic areas where people would cross-over. They are going to step-up patrols in areas where we could suspect”.
Difficult to distinguish citizens from non-citizens
Serving as a hint to what may happen in 11 months’ time; the NEC Spokesperson however said the burden is not on the NEC alone.
Said Livingstone: “These things are just one of those that can’t be done all by ourselves alone. We need the reliance of everyone. That is why we have talked to the civil society groups and community groups that we all need to take up national ownership because NEC alone can’t do it”.
But the task of being able to identify who is an alien – and who is not - remains the biggest challenge, given that some Guineans residing in the country have almost all attributes of typical Liberians including accent and even way of life.
“Yet they hold onto their Guinean nationalities and any attempt for them wanting to participate in the October 2011 elections here could prove a difficult task to do” remarked Daniel Ross, a civil servant.
“We may not be able to identify who is a Guinean is during the registrations though we have criteria guiding the process”, Livingstone stated.
The NEC, according to its head of public affairs, provides some hints that would lead to the tracking down of Guineans and other foreign nationals desiring participation in the elections during the registration process.
Livingstone added: “For instance, if there are doubts concerning the nationality of a person during registration and if someone is disenfranchised, then it has to be proven beyond all reasonable doubts that that person is an alien”.
Persons confronted with such situations would have to display a proof of national identity such as a passport or could be saved the headache if elders or prominent persons in the community could prove that he or she is a Liberian.
During the 2005 elections, the Public Relations Officer admitted that there were cases of such that were reported “but on a lower scale”.
“With much more publicity on this and that kind of fear lingering on the minds of people, it is possible that would translate into some kind of action and fear to serve as a kind of determent to minimize infiltration into our borders of aliens and under-aged persons”, he said.
Livingstone was blunt in disclosing that such processes are however, not void of a possible double-voting.
“It may not be a process void of these kind of things. That is why we have the approach of bringing the BIN, the LNP and even traditional people on board.”
BIN Has ‘Undisclosed’ Tactics
Seeking clarity from the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization (BIN) responsible for curbing and regulating the influx of foreign nationals into the country, an FPA inquiry on what is being done in preparation of next year’s elections was short on details.
“We have a strategic plan which we can’t disclose. We have put some mechanisms in place. We intend to stop those aliens who might be crossing the border to take part in our elections”, the Director of Public Affairs at the BIN, Bill Fred Smith told FPA. He acknowledged the pending collaborative efforts with the NEC in a bid to curb the occurrence of such.
Smith disclosed that immigration officers will be assigned at polling centers.
Ethnicity and Elections: What Can Liberia Learn?
Having endured over a decade and a half years of civil conflict mainly centered on ethnicity in addition to social and economic inequality being cited as reasons for the destruction of the country, many analysts and observers think another cue Liberians need to desperately take from the Guinean violent elections, is counting out ethnicity that could breed tribal tensions and frustrate the seven years of peace being enjoyed by the country since 2003.
Guinea's 10 million people belong to 24 ethnic groups but the two most prominent and dominant groups are the Fula and the Malinke (Mandingoes). Both groups fielded the two most popular presidential candidates who eventually went on to face each other in the run-off elections.
Deep ethnic divisions clouded Guinea’s June and November polls which continue to threaten a nation that long seems to have instability knocking on its doors.
Monday’s run-off winner, Alpha Conde, is a Malinke while his rival, Diallo is from the rivalry Fula ethnic group.
Based on tribal sentiment and that their tribesman had been declared loser of the election, groups of Peul, as the Fula are otherwise known, on Monday burned tires and threw rocks at police.
The violence which subsided in Guinea's capital by Tuesday morning but continued in the country’s northern region which is a Diallo stronghold as gunfire continued throughout the morning. Human Rights Watch has already reported that as many as 30 people may have been wounded in the capital, including many with bullet wounds.
The Fula, otherwise called Peul as borrowed by the French from the Wolof word, form a minority in every country they inhabit, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population’s 40% with a total population of 27 million in the region.
Malinke, also known as Mandingo is one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa with an estimated population of 11 million. Descendants of the Empire of Mali which rose to power under the rule of the great Mandingo king Sundiata Keita, they constitute 30% of Guinea’s population (3,063,431).
Back home ethnic tension is yet to be recorded as an element that clouded Liberia’s past two immediate elections of 1997 and 2005; however, it has been a major factor that contributed to the civil war, according to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Report, prompting fears that it might mar next year’s elections.
